Biology Form 5 Part 2

Part 1 will come out later cause this is made by Flora.
Anyway, most of the topics are all jumble up and I suppose you should know by now which topic is in which chapter. If dunno then I'll tell you later if you pm me.

1. Hormones in menstrual cycle
- FSH
-- Stimulate growth of Graafian follicle (1st few days till before 14th day)
-- Pratically no more after ovulation
- LH
-- Secreted together with FSH on 1st day
-- Stimulate growth of follicle ovulation (14th day)
-- Very high on 14th day andden low like shit for the rest of the days
-- Stimulate corpus luteum to be formed
- Oestrogen
-- There's always oestrogen hormone anytime
-- Increase a little during growing of follicle then decrease back to normal
-- Increase a lot just before the ovulation day (14th day)
-- Stay higher than normal but lower than before after ovulation
-- Drops back to normal when progesterone hormone drops too
- Progesteron
-- Produced by the flower thingy, corpus luteum
-- Increase only after ovulation
-- Decrease before menstruation
- Menstruation occurs when all the hormone drops
- Corpus luteum produces oestrogen and progesteron
- Oestrogen and Progesteron build up the uterine lining (endometrium)
- If ovum not fertilised, FSH and LH will drop
- Drop of FSH and LH will cause corpus luteum to disintegrate
- Low oestrogen and progesteron will cause breaking down of endometrium

2. Discontinuous Variation
- Cannot be changed
- Not affected by physical surroundings
- Eg: Blood group, rolling of tongue, earloops
- Can be change by plastic surgery (lol! this is my theory)
- Continuous variation is the opposite (eg: height)

3. Rhesus Factor
- Only is dangerous if baby rhesus factor is different from mother.
- Got negative and positive
- First baby will not be affected
- Release antigen of the rhesus thingy will only be produce if blood comes in contact during giving birth
- Therefore, second baby might gg (die)
- Also have high risk is late pregnancy

4. Role of Placenta
- Does not have any blood contact with mother and child
- Exchange of Oxygen and CO2 thru diffusion
- Connected to the baby at the umbillica cord (your belly button)

5. Blood clotting
- Injured tissues will produce Thromboplastin (a type of protein)
- Thromboplastin + Calcium ion will turn Prothrombin to Thrombin
- Thrombin will turn Fibrinogen which is soluble into insoluble fibrin
- Fibrin is the one forming the spider-net like thingy to trap your RBC and plasma liquid and stop your blood flowing out
- Then it dries up and form scab
- Under the scab is where the new skin is forming

6. Open Circulatory System
- Insects and invertebrates have them
- Got haenolymph instead of blood
- Low pressure and low control

7. Closed Circulatory System
- Blood is always closed within vessels
- Also know as cardiovascular system
- Has high pressure and high control
- In humans and vertebrates

8. Mendel's First Law @ Law of Segregation
- Each characteristic is determined by a pair of alleles
- Pair of alleles segregate during meiosis and only one alleles is present in a single gamate

9. Mendel's Second Law @ Law of Independent Assortment
- During gamate formation
- Each member of the pair of alleles combine randomly with another member of another pair of alleles

Phenotype - Visible expression/characteristics
Genotype - The alleles it has